What point(s) on the capnographic waveform represents) a mixture of alveolar gas and dead space gas10/16/2023 The majority of the lung values investigated for the overall model matched the validation data found in publications. The model handles several patient conditions, including tension pneumothorax and airway obstruction. The Respiratory Model employs realistic pressure source signal and chemical stimuli feedback mechanisms as drivers for spontaneous ventilation. ![]() The BioGears Respiratory System is designed to model the ventilatory behavior (both positive- and negative-pressure) of the patient Respiratory System using electrical analogue lumped parameter models. From Reference 116.The Respiratory System supplies oxygen and removes waste carbon dioxide from the body through a combination of ventilation and gas exchange across the blood-gas barrier (pulmonary capillary-alveoli interface). Also shown are P aCO 2, the partial pressure of venous carbon dioxide (P vCO 2), the relationship between P aCO 2 and minute CO 2 production (V̇ CO 2) and alveolar gas volume, the partial pressure of mixed alveolar carbon dioxide (P ACO 2), the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P ETCO 2), and the P ĒCO 2 in relation to the model and the volumetric capnogram. The dead space fraction is equal to V Dphys divided by tidal volume (V T). The sum of the regions of alveolar dead space (V Dalv) and anatomic dead space (V Danat) equal the physiologic dead space (V Dphys). The pure dead-space compartment represents areas of ventilation with no perfusion. ![]() The pure shunt compartment represents areas of perfusion without ventilation. The ideal compartment represents areas of perfect alveolar gas volume to Q̇ T matching. The 3-compartment lung model described by Riley and Cournand 151, 152 represents gas exchange in the lung in regard to the matching of alveolar gas volume (V̇ A) and perfusion (Q̇ T), shunt (Q̇ S), and dead space (V D).
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